时间：2023-03-13 11:25:03
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一．重点短语：
1.turn on/ off /up/ down 2.cut up 3.mix up4.pour…into… 5.add… to… 6.hang out 7.watch a dolphin show 8.at the end of 9.take a class/ have a class 10.sleep late 11.go for a drive 12.on my next off 13.in my opinion 14.in the future 15.free time 16.be born 17.ice skating18.a piece of music 19.win first prize 20.major in 21.one teaspoon of 22.a slice of 23.take a photo/photos 24.get one’s autograph 25.have a yard sale26.get wet 27.have a party 28.at the age of 29.because of 30.at the same time
二．考点归纳：
考点1.finally 的同义词组：
finally = at last = in the end
Finally he came up with an idea .=
_____ _____ he came up with an idea .=
_____ ____ _____ he came up with an idea.
考点2.turn on / open 的区别：
1.turn on ：指打开水流，煤气，电灯，电视，收音机等电器的开关。
2.open：指关着的门，窗，箱子打开。
Please _____ the door.
The boy _____ the computer to play games last night .
考点3.into/ in 的区别：
1.into表示“到……里面去”，进入到……某空间里。属于动态介词。
2.in表示“在……里面”，在某一空间或范围之内。属于静态介词。
There is nothing _____ the blender .
He put his books ______his backpack and left.
考点4.too…to…的同义句：
too…to…= not…enough to … = so…that…
He is so young that he can’t go to school .=
He isn’t _____ ____ to go school .=
He is _____ young _____ go to school .
The box is too heavy for us to carry .
The box isn’t _____ _____ to carry =
The box is ____ heavy ____ we ____ carryit .
考点5.called 的同义句：
called = named = with the name (of)
Do you know the girl called Kate ?=
Do you know the girl ______Kate ?=
Do you know the girl _____ _____ _____ (of)Kate ?
考点6.see sb do sth 、see sb doing sth的区别
1.see sb do sth :看见某人做了某事
2.see sb doing sth .看见某人正在做某事
The teacher saw the students _______(read) English when he came in .
Look！Can you see the girl _____(dance) under the tree ?
注：类似的动词有：hear ,watch ,notice 等。省to的不定式变被动语态时，需带上to
I often notice him go home alone .------
He is noticed _____ _____ home alone.
考点7.at the age of 的同义句：
at the age of = when sb was/ were ….
He began to learn English when he was four.=
He began to learn English ____ ____ ____ ______ four.考点8.take part in / join 的区别：
1.take part in 表示参加某项活动，运动，事件等。着重强调以主人翁的姿态或在活动中负有责任而参加。
2.join表示加入组织，团体，党派而成为其中一员。
注：join sb in …. 表示“参与某人的活动之中”
He ______ the Party in 1987.
Can you come and _____us in the game ?
Twenty students from our class _________
the sports meeting last week.
考点9.句型：
Sb +be the first /last one (person) +to do sth
某人是第一个或最后一个干某事
Women and children are the first _______（take）to safety .
考点10.because / because of 的区别：
1.because 后面接从句（除what 从句之外）。
2.because of 后面接名词、代词、名词性短语、what从句。
He didn’t go to the party because he was ill.
He didn’t go to the party ____ _____ his ____.
She was very angry ______what you said .
A. because B. because of C./ D. with
考点11.keep的用法：
1.keep +adj 表示保持某种状态
Keep ______ , The baby is sleeping .
2.keep +sb/sth +adj 表示使某人保持某种状态
We must keep our classroom ______ .
3.keep doing sth . 表示不间断地持续做某事或一直做某事。
It kept _______(rain) all night .
4.keep on doing sth 表示反复做某事。
He kept on _______(make)the same mistakes.
5.keep +sb +doing sth 表示让某人一直做某事。
He kept us _______ (wait )for an hour .
6.keep +sb from +doing sth 表示阻止某人干某事。= stop sb (from )doing sth = prevend sb (from )doing sth .
Because of the heavy rain , we could go to school.= The heavy rain ______ us from ____to school.
考点12.visit 的用法：
1.词性转换：visit -------visitor
There are many _______(visit )in the park on May’s Day .
2.词组1).be on a visit to +某地= visit +某地
2).one’s first visit to +某地表示某人第一次参观某地
He is visiting China .= He is _____ _____ ______ to China.
This is my first visit to Beijing .
注：travel to +某地
Have you traveled to Shanghai ?
考点13.alive / living 的区别：
1.alive指活的、现存的、有活力的。常作表语，也可放在名词或代词之后作后置定语。
1. babysit one’s sister 照顾妹妹
2. visit one’s grandmother 看望奶奶
3. spend time with friends和朋友们一起度过时光
4. visit cousins 看望表弟等
5. Go to sports camp 去运动野营
6.go to the beach 去海滩
7. go camping 去野营
8. Go shopping 去买东西
9. go swimming 去游泳
10. go boating去划船
11. go skating 去溜冰
12. go walking去散步
13. go climbing 去登山
14. go dancing去跳舞
15. go hiking 去徒步远足
16. go sightseeing 去观光
17. go house-hunting 去找房子
18.go on a hike 徒步旅行，go bike riding 骑自行车旅行，go fishing 去钓鱼
19. do some shopping 买东西
20. do some washing 洗衣服
21. do some cooking 作饭
22. do some reading 读书
23. do some speaking训练口语
24. do some sewing 做缝纫活
25.that sounds nice 那好极了
26. at home 在家
27. how about=what about ……怎么样?
28. how long 多长时间
29. how far 多远
30. how often 多长时间一次
31. how much, how many 多少
32. have a good time =have fun= have a wonderful time= enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快
33. show sb. Sth.=show sth. to sb.出示某物给某人看
give me the book=give the book to me 给我书，
pass me the cup=pass the cup to me 把杯子递给我，
sell me the house=sell the house to me 把房子卖给我
buy me a book =buy a book for me 给我买书，
3. beat against... 拍打……
5. fall asleep 进入梦乡；睡着
7. die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失
9. wake up 醒来
11. in a mess 一团糟
13. break... apart 使……分离
15. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候
17. at the time of 当……时候
19. make one’s way to在某人去……的路上
21. important events重大事件
23. for example 例如
25. be killed 被杀害
27. a school pupil 一名小学生
29. in silence 沉默；无声
2. go off （闹钟）发出响声
4. take a hot shower 洗热水澡
6. miss the bus 错过公交车
8. pick up 接（电话）
10. bring... together 使……靠拢
12. in the area 在这个地区
14. miss the event 错过这个事件
16. by the side of the road 在路边
18. walk by 走路经过
20. more recently 最近；新近
22. the World Trade Center 世贸中心
24. take down 拆除；摧毁
26. have meaning to 对……有意义
28. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
30. at first 首先；最初
【重难点句子】
1. When it began to rain， Ben was helping his mom make dinner.
当开始下雨的时候，本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。
2. ―What was Jenny doing while Linda was
sleeping？
琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在干什么？
―While Linda was sleeping， Jenny was
helping Mary with her homework.
琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在帮玛丽
做作业。
3. With no light outside， it felt like midnight. 外面没有一丝光亮，让人感觉这时是午夜。
4. Ben’s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working.
本的爸爸正在把木头块搭在窗户上面，而他的妈妈正在确保手电筒和收音机能正常使用。
5. Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.
当雨点开始重重地打在窗户上时，本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。
6. He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3：00 a.m.
3. beat against... 拍打……
5. fall asleep M入梦乡；睡着
7. die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失
9. wake up 醒来
11. in a mess 一团糟
13. break... apart 使……分离
15. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候
17. at the time of 当……时候
19. make one’s way to在某人去……的路上
21. important events重大事件
23. for example 例如
25. be killed 被杀害
27. a school pupil 一名小学生
29. in silence 沉默；无声
2. go off （闹钟）发出响声
4. take a hot shower 洗热水澡
6. miss the bus 错过公交车
8. pick up 接（电话）
10. bring... together 使……靠拢
12. in the area 在这个地区
14. miss the event 错过这个事件
16. by the side of the road 在路边
18. walk by 走路经过
20. more recently 最近；新近
22. the World Trade Center 世贸中心
24. take down 拆除；摧毁
26. have meaning to 对……有意义
28. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
30. at first 首先；最初
【重难点句子】
1. When it began to rain， Ben was helping his mom make dinner.
当开始下雨的时候，本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。
2. ―What was Jenny doing while Linda was
sleeping？
琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在干什么？
―While Linda was sleeping， Jenny was
helping Mary with her homework.
琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在帮玛丽
做作业。
3. With no light outside， it felt like midnight. 外面没有一丝光亮，让人感觉这时是午夜。
4. Ben’s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working.
本的爸爸正在把木头块搭在窗户上面，而他的妈妈正在确保手电筒和收音机能正常使用。
5. Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.
当雨点开始重重地打在窗户上的时候，本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。
6. He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3：00 a.m.
用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等意思的句子叫做祈使句。由于其对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常省略主语。祈使句中的动词都以原形形式出现。
【祈使句的类型】
肯定结构的祈使句有下面几种：
A. be型。例如：
Be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时要小心。
Be a good student. 做个好学生。
B． do型。例如：
Please have a drink. 请喝杯东西。
Come this way, please. 请这边走。
Remember to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时记得关灯。
Let me help you. 让我来帮助你吧。
Let’s stop to take a rest. 让我们停下来休息一会儿吧。
Do be careful. 务必小心。（注意，这里的do表强调）
否定结构的祈使句有下面几种：
A. don’t型。（do型和be型肯定祈使句改为否定句时都要在其前加don’t。）例如：
Don’t close the door. 不要关门。
Don’t be afraid. 不要害怕。
Don’t let him go. 不要让他走。
B. no型。例如：
No smoking! 禁止吸烟！
No parking! 禁止停泊！
Ⅰ. 汉译英。
1. 请照看好您的包！
__________________________________!
2. 让我们去学校吧！
__________________________________!
3. 亲爱的，高兴点儿！
__________________________________!
4. 不要把书放在这儿！
__________________________________!
5. 不要让猫进来！
__________________________________!
Ⅱ. 单项选择。
（ ）1. ______ make any noise here. The baby is sleeping.
A. Not B. Don’t C. No D. Do
（ ）2. ______ computer games, shall we?
A. Lets’ to play B. Let’s play
C. Let play D. Let to play
（ ）3. ______ the window. It’s hot here.
A. Do close B. Don’t open
C. Don’t close D. Opening
（ ）4. ______ when you do your homework.
A. Be care B. Careful
C. Is careful D. Be careful
可数名词与不可数名词对对碰
在英语中，普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计量，我们称为可数名词。物质名词和抽象名词一般不能用数目来计量，称为不可数名词。
A. 可数名词
1. 个体名词有单复数之分，其复数形式通常是在单数形式后加s / es；以辅音字母y结尾的将y改为i再加es；部分以o结尾的加es。例如：
bookbooks; busbuses
familyfamilies; heroheroes
2. 部分可数名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如：childchildren, manmen, womanwomen, foot feet, toothteeth, goosegeese, mousemice, oxoxen等。
3. 有些名词的单复数形式是一样的。例如：Chinese, deer, fish, Japanese等。
4. 有些集体名词在形式上是单数，如people(人民，人们)，police(警察)，cattle(牲畜)，staff(全体人员，全体职员)，但它们表达复数的含意。如果这些词作主语，其谓语动词须用复数形式。
B. 不可数名词
1. 不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，例如chalk, chocolate, cloth(布), bread, ink, glass, paper, soap, sugar等。
注：有时，一些抽象名词也可作个体名词。例如：
youth(青春)a youth(青年人)； relation(关系)a relation(亲属)；power(威力，电力)a power(大国)
C. 用法
可数名词前通常可用具体的数词来修饰。如three apples, ten bananas等；不可数名词要表示确切数量时，用“数量词+of+不可数名词”结构，若表示复数，只把of前的数量词变为复数。如a cup of tea, three bottles of sauce。
可数名词作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式要看主语的脸色行事，单则单，复则复。例如：
There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。
There are five boats on the river. 河里有五艘船。
不可数名词作主语，谓语动词只能用单数形式。当不可数名词前表示数量的名词是复数时，谓语动词也要用复数形式。例如：
There is some bread on the plate. 那个盘子里有些面包。
There are five cups of tea on the table. 桌子上有五杯茶。
另外，对可数名词提问要用how many，对不可数名词提问要用how much。例如：
How many books do you have? 你有多少本书？
How much cinnamon do you want? 你想要多少肉桂？
【过关斩将】
Ⅰ. 将下列名词归类。
smoothie, milk, banana, yogurt, cinnamon, teaspoon, apple, watermelon, popcorn, tomato, cheese, sandwich, bread, onion, bowl, lettuce, sauce, water, rice, cake, money, child, minute, blender
可数名词：__________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
不可数名词：________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
Ⅱ. 翻译下列短语。
1. 一些书 _________________________
2. 三杯酸奶 _________________________
3. 一些牛奶 _________________________
4. 两筐鸡蛋_________________________
5. 一杯水 _________________________
6. 一些茶叶 _________________________
7. 许多西红柿_________________________
8. 两片面包_________________________
9. 几瓶果汁_________________________
10. 两茶匙肉桂_________________________
Ⅲ. 用how many 或how much填空。
1. __________ days are there in a week?
2. __________ pork is there in the fridge (冰箱)?
3. __________ rice does the man need?
4. __________ sheep are there on the hill?
5. __________ water do you want?
6. __________ planes can you see in the sky?
3. work on 从事
5. finish doing sth. 完成某事
7. clean and tidy 干净整洁
9. do the dishes 洗餐具
11. throw down 扔下
13. come over 过来
15. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
17. all the time 一直；总是
19. shout back 大声回应
21. walk away 走_
23. share the housework 分担家务
25. a comfortable home 一个舒适的家
27. in surprise 惊讶地
29. watch one show 观看一个节目
31. hang out 闲逛
33. pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人
35. lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
37. get sth. wet 把某物弄湿
2. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
4. sweep the floor 扫地
6. make your/ the bed 整理床铺
8. no problem 没问题
10. welcome sb. 欢迎某人
12. do chores 做家务
14. help sb. （to） do/ with sth. 帮助
16. go to the store去商店
18. invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会
20. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
22. a waste of time 浪费时间
24. in order to为了
26. get good grades 取得好成绩
28. mind doing sth. 介意做某事
30. depend on依赖；依靠
32. develop children’s independence 培养孩子的独立性
34. look after/take care of 照顾；照看
36. do one’s part in （doing） sth. 做某人分内的事
【重难点句子】
1. Could I at least finish watching this show？ 至少让我看完这个节目，可以吗？
2. Could you take out the rubbish， fold the clothes and do the dishes？
你能把垃圾倒了，把衣服叠好，再把碗洗了吗？
3. The minute I sat down in front of the TV， my mom came over.
我刚坐在电视机前，我妈妈就过来了。
4. I’m just as tired as you are！
我和你一样累呀！
5. For one week， she did not do any housework and neither did I.
有一个星期，她没有做任何家务，我也没做。
6. “I’m sorry， Mom. I finally understand that
we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied. “对不起，妈妈。我终于理解了，为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家，我们需要共同来分担家务。”我回答道。
7. I cut my finger and I’m trying not to get it wet.
A. youngest B. the youngest
C. younger D. very young
2. The bread made in the bakery is ______ than those cakes.(08年 湖北孝感)
A. more delicious B. much delicious
C. very delicious D. so delicious
【考点分析】 1. 选C。 Mike和Paul 两者比较，形容词young 的比较级是younger 。
2. 选A。 空格后的 than 一词决定了空格处要填 delicious 的比较级。delicious 是多音节形容词，其比较级是 more delicious。
【课文原句2】 She’s a little more outgoing than me.
【真题实证】 The story is _________. We all like it.(07年 青海西宁)
A. much more interesting
B. very more interesting
C. less more interesting
D. few more interesting
【考点分析】 选A。根据语境，排除选项C。形容词比较级前只可用much 或 a little而不能用very, few 等词修饰表示比较级的程度。 “much + 比较级”意为“更……得多”，“a little + 比较级” 意为“更……一点儿”，故只有A为正确选项，全句意思是“这个故事更有趣一些，我们都喜欢它”。
【课文原句3】 Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.
【真题实证】 This motorcycle is not as ______ as that one, and it uses less gas.(07年 上海)
A. expensive B. less expensive
C. more expensive D. the most expensive
【考点分析】 选A。“... not as + 原级 + as ...” 句式表示作比较的两者在某方面程度不一样，前者不如后者。全句意思是“这辆摩托车不如那辆摩托车贵，耗油也更少”。若要表示作比较的两者在某方面程度一样，则用 “... as + 原级 + as ...” 句式。
【课文原句4】 I think a good friend makes me laugh.
【真题实证】 This photo often makes me ______ of my teachers in the primary school. (07年 吉林)
A. thinkB. to think C. thinks D. thought
【考点分析】 选A。 使役动词 make 之后接动词原形，充当宾语 me 的补足语。
【课文原句5】 I like to have friends who are different from me.
【真题实证】 Do you know the girl ______ is standing under the tree?(08年 福建福州)
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
【考点分析】 选A。 定语从句的先行词 the girl 指人，且所填引导词在从句中充当主语。
【课文原句6】 Paul is never quiet. He can’t stop talking.
【真题实证】 1. The patient was ______ weak to walk on. So she stopped ______ a rest. (07年 青海西宁)
A. so; to have B. very; having
C. too; to have D. so ; having
2. ―There goes the bell.
―It’s time for class. Let’s stop ______. (07年 福建福州)
A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. not talk
【考点链接】 ―Peter, ______ do you visit your grandparents?
―Twice a month. (07河北省)
A. how long B. how soon
C. how far D. how often
【解析】 选D。how long意为“多久”，用于对一段时间进行提问；how soon意为“还要多久”，是对从某个时间到将来某个时间提问；how far意为“多远”，是对距离提问；how often意为“隔多久”，用来提问在某一特定的时间进行某个动作的次数。根据答语“每月两次”表示频率，故本题答案为D。
2. 【知识要点】 So you see, I look after my health.
【考点链接】 Kate didn’t go to the movie last night because she had to ______ her sick dog at home. (07陕西省)
A. look at B. look up
C. look for D. look after
【解析】 选D。句意为“凯特昨晚没去看电影，因为她不得不在家照看生病的狗。”表示“照看、照顾”要用look after。look at意为“看”；look up意为“向上看，查词典”；look for意为“寻找”。
3. 【知识要点】 I hardly ever exercise.
【考点链接】 ―Can you follow me?
―Sorry, I can ______ follow you. You speak too fast.(07青海省)
A. hardly B. nearlyC. clearly
【解析】 选A。答语的意思是“抱歉，我不能跟上你，你讲得太快了。”根据句子表达的意思来判断应该说“几乎不能跟上”，因为后面提到“说得太快了”。表达否定意义应该用hardly；nearly表示“几乎接近”；clearly表示“清楚地”，故答案为A。
4. 【知识要点】 So maybe I’m not very healthy, although I have one healthy habit.
【考点链接】 ______ I live near the sea, I am not a good swimmer. (07长春市)
A. But B. Although
C. If D. So
【解析】 选B。本题考查although的用法。although用于句首，意为“虽然，尽管”，不能和but同时出现在句子中。
5. 【知识要点】 You must try to eatless meat.
I joined the army three years ago. 我三年前就参军了。
My uncle joined the Party in 1978.我叔叔是1978年入党的。
join in表示“加入、参与某种活动”，in之后可接名词或v-ing形式，表示“参加某人的活动”，可以说join sb. in (doing) sth.。例如：
He joined them in the work. 他同他们一起工作。
Will you join us in playing basketball? 你会跟我们一起打篮球吗？
take part in指参加会议或群众性活动，重在说明主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥作用。例如：
The teacher took part in our discussion yesterday. 昨天老师参加了我们的讨论。
When will you take part in the meeting?你将什么时候参加会议？
alive, living, lively
alive是表语形容词，意为“活着的”，“在世的”，它既可以修饰人也可以修饰物。作定语时，应将其放在被修饰的名词后面。例如： They were alive. 他们都还活着。
living作形容词意为“活着的”，主要用作定语，常置于名词之前，有时也可置于名词之后。the living表示“活着的人”；作名词意为“生计”。例如：
Every living person has a name.每一个活着的人都有一个名字。
lively意为“生动的”，“活泼的”，“充满生气的”，用作表语或定语，可以用来修饰人或物。例如：
The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games. 运动场上要进行各种球类比赛，呈现出一派生气勃勃的景象。
The boy has a lively mind. 这男孩头脑灵活。
how long, how soon
how long是“多久（时间）”的意思，用于对时间段提问，询问某一动作进行多长时间了。例如：
It takes two months to finish the work.
How long does it take to finish the work?
how soon是“过多久”的意思，用于将来时态的问句中，回答用“in + 一段时间”的时间状语。例如：
We can be ready in five minutes.
How soon can you be ready?
小试牛刀：
根据句意用所给词语的适当形式完成句子。
1. join, join in，take part in
① My father is going to ________ the meet-ing.
② They danced and danced until a lot of us ________.
③ You go first. I’ll ________ you soon.
④ We ________ the peasants ________getting in the rice.
⑤ We hope everybody will ________ this struggle.
⑥ Have you ________ the League?
2. alive, living, lively
① Young children are usually ________.
② No man ________ is greater than he.
③ Millions of people hunt and fish for a ________.
④ His mother is dead, but his father is still ________.
⑤ Scientists are keeping a sick deer ________ at the center.
⑥ He makes his ________ by growing rice.
3. how long，how soon
① ―________ will George come back from Australia?
―In four days.
② ―________ have Henry and Emma been in China?
―For about two years.
③ ―________ will your father leave for London?
―In a week, I think.
④ ―________ did it take you to finish the work, Jenny?
―Three days.
Keys:
1. ① take part in ② joined in ③ join ④ joined; in
2. route n. 路线
3. requirement n. 要求；必要条件require v. 需要；要求；命令
4. guide n. 导游
5. film n. 电影
6. southeast n. 东南adj. 东南的
7. wonderful adj. 极好的 wonderfully adv. 极好地 have a wonderful time 过得愉快
8. holiday n. 假日；假期；节日
9. fear v. 害怕；担心
10. brave adj. 勇敢的；无畏的bravely adv.勇敢地
11. excellent adj. 卓越的；极好的
12. Indian adj. 印度的；印度人；印第安的；印第安人India n. 印度
13. dark n. 黄昏；黑暗
14. awake adj. 醒着的
15. fox n. 狐狸
16. natural adj. 自然的；自然界的 nature n. 自然
17. environment n. 环境
18. temperature n. 温度
19. whenever conj. 无论何时
20. spring n. 春天
21. autumn n. 秋天
22. season n. 季节
【短语小结】
1. have a great time 玩得愉快
2. Mickey Mouse 米老鼠
3. Donald Duck 唐老鸭
4. roller coaster 过山车
5. on board 在船上
6. end up 结束
7. exchange student 交换生
8. three quarters 四分之三
9. Night Safari （新加坡）夜间野生动物园
10. all year round 一年到头；终年
11. space museum 太空博物馆
12. amusement park 游乐场
13. water park 水上乐园
14. hear of 听说
15. around / all over the world 全世界
16. in Southeast Asia 在东南亚
【句子运用】
1. Most of us have probably heard of Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck ... Perhaps we have even seen them in movies.
maybe, perhaps 与probably 的用法区别：
maybe 意为“也许；大概”，口语中很常见，但没有perhaps 正式。例如：
Maybe you put the letter in your bag. 也许你把信放在你的包里了。
Maybe he will help me. 也许他会帮助我。
perhaps 意为“或许”，表示说话人对当前的事有疑问，不肯定。例如：
Perhaps it will rain in the afternoon. 也许下午会下雨。
Perhaps I can see him tomorrow, but I’m not sure. 或许我明天能见到他，不过我还不能肯定。
probably 意为“很可能地；大概地”。说话人对某事的发生有相当把握时用probably。例如：
She is very ill and will probably die. 她病得很重，命可能保不住了。
2. The boats take different routes, but they all end up in the same place.
end up 意为“结束；最后成为/处于”。例如： How does the story end up? 这个故事是怎么结尾的？
We set off for Newcastle but ended up in Scotland. 我们动身去纽卡斯尔，可后来却去了苏格兰。
3. It was because I could speak English that I got the job.
这是个强调句，强调的是原因状语because I could speak English。强调句的结构形式为“It is / was + 被强调成分+that/who 从句”。被强调的成分可以是除谓语和表语之外的任何句子成分。假设有这样一句话：We held a class meeting in the classroom yesterday. 我们可以用下面四个句子来分别强调句中的主语、宾语、地点状语和时间状语。
It was we who held a class meeting in the classroom yesterday. （强调主语we）
It was a class meeting that we held in the classroom yesterday. （强调宾语a class meeting）
It was in the classroom that we held a class meeting yesterday. （强调地点状语in the classroom）
It was yesterday that we held a class meeting in the classroom. （强调时间状语yesterday）
4. I want to travel, especially to English-speaking countries such as the United States and Australia.
such as 与for example用法区别：
两者都意为“例如”。for example 一般只列举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语。例如：
His spelling is terrible! Look at this word, for example. 他的拼写太糟糕了！看看吧，比如这个单词。
such as 用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子。注意such as后面不可用逗号隔开。例如： She likes drinks, such as tea and coffee. 她喜欢喝饮料，例如茶和咖啡。
English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia, Canada and so on. 许多国家都讲英语，例如澳大利亚，加拿大等。
5. My English writing is good, but I need to improve my listening skills.
improve 意为“提高；改进；改善”，用作及物动词。例如：
It will help to improve your speaking. 这会帮助提高你的口语能力。
If the company refuses to improve its pay offer, we shall go on strike. 如果公司拒绝改进工资方案，我们就举行罢工。
6. On the one hand, more than three quarters of the population are Chinese, ...
英语中，分数由基数词和序数词构成。分子为基数词，分母为序数词。分子是1时，分母用单数形式；分子大于1时，分母用复数形式，即在序数词词尾加-s，基数词和序数词之间的连字符可省略。如：one-fourth 或one quarter （四分之一）；two-thirds（三分之二）；five-twelfths （十二分之五）。
population 意为“人口”，是个集体名词。population 用作主语时，如果说话人意在强调整体意义，则谓语动词为单数形式；如果强调个体，则谓语动词常为复数形式。例如：
The population of the country is growing rapidly. 这个国家的人口数在迅速增长。（强调整体）
Two thirds of the population of the country are farmers. 这个国家三分之二的人口是农民。（强调个体）
注意：1) 指人口“多”或“少”时，要用形容词large 或small修饰population，而不用many或few。试译：这个村的人口比那个村的（人口）少。
【误】The population of this village is fewer than that of that village.
【正】The population of this village is smaller than that of that village.
The watch was a Christmas gift from his father. 这块表是他父亲赠给他的圣诞礼物。
He is a man of many gifts. 他是个多才多艺的人。
present通常指一般同级或下级所赠的花钱不多的礼物，多用于口语中。例如：
Flowers and fruits are always fit presents.花及水果总是合适的礼品。
win, beat
两者在表示“战胜，赢得，打败”这一意思时，后接宾语有所不同。beat后面的宾语通常是人或比赛对手，而win后面的宾语通常是match, game, war, prize等名词。试比较：
I can beat you at swimming. 在游泳比赛中我能赢你。
He wants to win a trip to Europe, but he will be happy if he wins a new bicycle. 他想得到一个去欧洲的旅游奖，但是如果他能得到一辆新自行车，他会非常高兴。
Who do you think can win the volleyball match in the end? 你认为谁最终能赢得这场排球赛？
We played the top class at football but we couldn’t beat them. 我们踢足球的水平一流，但是却不能战胜他们。
beat与win的反义词是lose，常用的结构是lose (sth.) to sb.。例如：
We lost to a women’s football team. 我们输给了女子足球队。
Our team has never lost a match. 我们队从未输过一场比赛。
future, in future, in the future
future意为“未来、将来”，可构成in future, in the future短语，前者是“从今以后”的意思，后者是“未来”、“将来”的意思。例如：
I wish you a happy future. 祝你有个美好的将来。
You must be more careful in future. 你今后要更加小心些。
Who can tell what will happen in the future? 谁能说将来会发生什么？
else, other
else可以用作副词，主要用在who, whose, what 等疑问代词或nobody, nothing, somebody, something, anybody, anything等不定代词之后。例如：
Where else are you going to stay? 你们还要在什么地方停留？
I took someone else’s coat by mistake. 我错拿了别人的外衣。
other意为“另一个，其他的”，一般位于名词之前。例如：
Ask other students questions about it.关于这个问题请问别的学生。
This story is more interesting than the other ones. 这个故事比其他故事更有趣。
at the end of, in the end
at the end of 意为“在……末尾”，“到……尽头”；in the end意为“最后”，“终于”，用作状语。试比较：
At the end of the term we shall have another exam. 在这个学期末我们会有另一次考试。
In the end I agreed to go. 最后我同意去。
In the end he found out all the secrets. 他终于把所有的秘密都弄明白了。
练习：
根据句意用所给词语的适当形式完成句子。
1. gift, present
① On his birthday he received a lot of________.
② The teacher gave each student a________ on New Year’s Day.
③She has a ________ for languages.
2. win，beat, lose
① But still we weren’t sure if we could_______ them.
② ―Who _______ the race?
―I won but David came second.
③ They had never _______ a match to the girls before.
④ They _______ three matches, drew（平） one and _______ two.
⑤ We played very well, and we ________ the team from No. 3 Middle School.
3. future, in future, in the future
① I would like to be a teacher ________.
② Our ________ seems very uncertain.
③ People always try to live better________.
④ There’s no ________ in trying to sell furs in a hot country.
⑤ I will work hard on my English _______.
4. else, other
① ________ people may not think that way.
② I am afraid I can’t help you. You’ll have to ask someone ________.
③ Do youhave any ________ books on this subject?
④ He has nothing ________ to do today.
⑤ Whom ________ did you see?
5. at the end of, in the end
① ________ this class we’ll go over the Eng-lish song.
② ________ we reached the city.
③ The Reads live in the house ________ the street.
④ ________ they had to leave their home.
⑤ Why did the monkey laugh ______?
⑥______ the road you’ll see the hospital.
Keys:
1. ① presents / gifts
② gift / present ③ gift
2. ① beat ② won ③ lost
④ won; lost ⑤ beat
3. ① in the future ② future
③ in the future
④ future ⑤ in future
4. ① Other② else
③ other④ else⑤ else
5. ① At the end of
② In the end
③ at the end of
