时间:2023-06-27 09:38:20
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一、教学背景介绍
本单元的中心话题是“音乐”。warming-up部分呈现了八幅图片,分别代表八种为大众所熟悉的音乐形式,即古典音乐、摇滚乐、管弦乐、说唱乐、民族音乐、爵士乐、乡村音乐和合唱音乐,并要求学生“听音乐匹配各种音乐类型”。两篇阅读文章分别介绍了美国门基乐队(the Monkees)的成长过程和虚拟“人物”弗雷迪与他的乐队——两篇课文讲的都是乐队,没有介绍任何音乐流派和音乐家等信息,与warming-up的相关性不大。
在对音乐形式的探究中,笔者了解到古典音乐中的交响乐、协奏曲都是管弦乐的形式,不能称之为一个音乐种类。古典音乐这一说法本身就是一个非常笼统的概念。广义的古典音乐是指西洋古典音乐,那些从西方中世纪开始至今的、在欧洲主流文化背景下创作的音乐,也包含合唱音乐;狭义的古典音乐是指古典主义音乐,是1750-1820年这一段时间的欧洲主流音乐,又称维也纳古典乐派。古典音乐最著名的三位作曲家是海顿、莫扎特和贝多芬。事实上,高一学生在音乐课中已经接触了西方古典音乐发展史中的两个阶段(古典主义音乐和浪漫主义音乐),并基本了解这两者之间的差异。因此,笔者还是决定采用狭义上的古典音乐范畴。中国民歌《茉莉花》,学生也已经在音乐课上进行了欣赏。而说唱乐属于摇滚乐的一个分支,与摇滚乐并列作为一个音乐类别来说并不合理。如果把说唱乐作为一个音乐类型呈现给学生,则宜用重金属摇滚乐作为与它并列的一种音乐形式。
基于以上两个因素,笔者对教材warming-up部分所呈现的音乐形式作了调整,试图引导学生进一步走近这些音乐形式,了解它们各自的特点,而不仅仅是学习几个对应的英语单词。同时,根据本单元的主题,笔者对整个单元的任务进行了重组,打算结合“练习册”(workbook)中的“听力”(listening)和单元后的“趣味阅读”(reading for fun),上一节听说课。本节课的教学目标为:
(1)能够根据音乐片段区分七种音乐形式(古典音乐、爵士乐、重金属摇滚乐、说唱乐、民族音乐、乡村音乐和合唱音乐)及各自的英语表述,并用英语简要介绍这七种音乐类型的来源或特征。
(2)能够运用句式I (don’t) enjoy/appreciate/understand that kind of music because .../I find that if I listen to classical/pop music I feel ...谈论自己喜欢的音乐。
(3)能够听懂听力材料中“莫扎特效应”(Mozart effect)的内涵并提高听中记录关键词、听后组织主旨大意的能力。
(4)能够正确认识音乐的作用并用五行诗(cinquain)来描述音乐。
授课前一天,笔者布置给学生一份预习学案,要求学生每四人合作通过头脑风暴或查阅资料,了解与音乐相关的英语词汇,如钢琴、小提琴、黄铜鼓、架子鼓、键盘手、鼓手、旋律等。这相当于为课堂教学铺垫了一个语言和知识的台阶。
二、教学过程
1. 导入
笔者在课前播放乐曲《茉莉花》,并请会唱的同学一起唱。唱完后,笔者提问:
(1)Do you like the song? What is the name of the song? (你喜欢这首歌曲吗?这首曲子的名称是什么?)
(2)What else do you know about the song? (你对这首曲子了解什么?)
(3)This is where we are going to adventure today — the world of music. Besides folk music, what other styles of music do you know? (我们今天要进行一场音乐的旅行。除了民族音乐,你们还了解什么其他的音乐形式?)
2. 猜谜游戏
笔者提供一些资料,让学生猜“这是什么音乐类型”(分别是爵士乐、古典音乐、民族音乐、说唱乐、重金属摇滚乐、乡村音乐、合唱音乐)。
(1)It was born in the US around 1890, which was sung by black people and it roots in Africa. (产生于1890年,由非洲黑人传到美国。)
(2)Strictly defined, it means music produced in the Western world between 1750 and 1820. Works by Mozart are very typical of this music. (严格定义,以莫扎特为代表之一的1750-1820年这一段时间的欧洲主流音乐。)
(3)It’s a kind of traditional music from a particular country, region or community.(典型的地域性的音乐形式。)
(4)The words of a song are not sung, but spoken in time to music with a steady beat. It also means “Hip-Hop”. (以在机械的节奏声的背景下,快速地诉说一连串押韵的词句为特征的音乐形式,又称为Hip-Hop。)
(5)It was popular in the 1950s, and has very loud sound with strong beat.(流行于20世纪50年代,并有强有力的节拍。)
(6)Type of music that comes from the folk music of the southern and western US.(美国南部和西部典型的音乐形式。)
(7)It is traditionally a Christmas song, which is often sung in the church on Christmas Day. (源于西方圣诞节时教堂众人合唱颂歌。)
3. 听乐曲片段判断音乐类型
笔者让学生听一些乐曲片段,并要求学生判断听到的音乐属于哪种类型。(Now you are going to listen to some pieces of music. Can you recognize what kind of music they belong to? )
学生听音乐片段,并进行连线。
4. 认识各种音乐形式的乐器特点和著名音乐人
笔者让学生说说各音乐类型的乐器特点以及著名音乐人。(Can you just say something more about those kinds of music, including the typical musical instruments and famous musicians? )
笔者先让学生介绍他们熟悉的音乐特点,然后再进行补充。基本要点如下:
(1)Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music. The electric guitar is often emphasized, with the bass and drum. Guns N’ Roses is a very successful hard rock band in America, which has brought a lot of influence in the development of hard rock. (重金属摇滚乐是一种大声、带侵略性的摇滚音乐。电吉他、贝斯和鼓是重金属音乐中常见的乐器形式。美国著名乐队“枪炮与玫瑰”红极一时,并为重金属摇滚乐的发展带来很大影响。)
(2)Saxphones and trumpets are usually employed in jazz. The music style comes from blues. Louis Armstrong, the trumpetist, is called father of jazz. (爵士乐中经常运用小号和萨克斯来进行演奏。布鲁斯是其前身。音乐人路易斯·阿姆斯特朗被称为爵士之父。)
(3)Classical music: Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven are three famous musicians.(古典音乐三位最著名的作曲家是海顿、莫扎特和贝多芬。)
(4)Country music: Guitar is often used in country music. Take Me Home, Country Road by John Denvor is a famous piece of country music. (美国乡村音乐的典型乐器是吉他。约翰·丹佛是美国老牌的乡村歌手,“乡村音乐的代名词”。其代表作《乡村路带我回家》是著名的乡村音乐歌曲。)
(5)Rap comes from America. It is now very popular among youth, even in China.(说唱音乐来自美国,在年轻人中广受欢迎,在中国也有不少乐迷。)
(6)Choral is now widely seen on TV and in life, especially for celebration. There can be no musical instruments in the music form. In our school, there is a choral competition every year in May. (合唱现广泛见于电视和生活。该音乐形式可以没有乐器伴奏。在我们学校,每年五月也有一次合唱比赛。)
(7)Folk music or folk song has a long history in China. Chinese traditional musical instruments are used in the form of music, like flute, Erhu. And there are a few songs that are familiar to us. (中国民乐或民歌已经有较长的历史。通常采用中国古典乐器,如笛子、二胡等。也有一些中国民歌耳熟能详,比如《太阳出来喜洋洋》《茉莉花》等。)
5. 小组对话讨论个人喜欢的音乐类型
笔者要求学生组成四人小组,运用上面学到的知识组织对话(Which of the above kinds of music do you prefer/hate? And why?),讨论时可以用上以下句型:
(1)I prefer/hate classical music because it makes me feel calm/relaxed/ ...
(2)If I’m worried/frightened/concerned about ...I prefer to listen to ...
(3)I (don’t) enjoy/appreciate/understand that kind of music because ...
(4)I find that if I listen to classical/pop music I feel ...
(5)I attach great importance to ...
6. 讨论音乐的作用
笔者让学生讨论音乐的功能:Music has a function of exciting or relaxing people. But what other functions do you think music has?(音乐除了使人兴奋或放松外,还有什么作用?)
学生讨论的结果如下:
(1)Music is an easy means of communication among cultures.
(2)Music can be a bridge to understanding a language and a person.
(3)Music is a motivational tool for learning another language.
(4)Music helps let out the composer’s feelings or attitudes towards the world.
笔者追问:It is said that music helps improve your memory. Do you believe that? Let’s listen to the tape to see how it happens.(据说音乐可以提高人的记忆。你相信吗?我们来听一段录音,看看究竟是怎么回事。)
听力材料(The “Mozart effect”)原文如下:
Do you worry about exams? Of course , everyone does. Do you find it difficult to remember what you study? Well, everybody has trouble remembering things from time to time. Do you know music can help you remember things better?
Scientists have shown that if you listen to classical music and especially Mozart while you are studying, it helps your memory. It is called the “Mozart effect”. It would be useful to know if the “Mozart effect” works with all kinds of music. Certainly scientists have done some experiments to find out.
They have tried playing other kinds of music (such as pop music) while students are studying, but it doesn’t work. It seems that the regular rhythms of classical music help develop one’s memory. However, this improvement only lasts for a short time. If you want to improve your intelligence, what should you do? Scientists think that learning a musical instrument is helpful, especially for improving maths skills. This is because maths and music both use the same part of the brain. So if you want to be good at maths, perhaps you should go to a music class!
【Task 1】 Listen to the tape, and write down what the “Mozart effect” means to you.
Classical music, especially Mozart, helps improve your memory.
【Task 2】 Listen to the tape again, and decide whether the statements are true or false.
(1)Listening to classical music improves your memory.(T)
(2)The “Mozart effect” means listening to Mozart’s music.(F)
(3)To improve your long term memory you need to study maths.(F)
(4)Scientists think the Mozart effect works with all kinds of music.(F)
(5)Listening to music makes you more intelligent.(F)
【Task 3】 Talking after listening
(1)Do yo believe in the “Mozart effect”? Why or why not?(你相信“莫扎特效应”吗?为什么?)
(2)Have you experienced it? Give an example.(请给一个例子说明你的经历。)
(3)Do you think it works with other kinds of music such as pop music? Give reasons. (你认为其他音乐形式如流行音乐有这样的作用吗?为什么?)
7. 创作一首五行诗来描述音乐
笔者让学生用下面的格式创作一首五行诗来描述音乐:
Music
______, ______ (形容词)
______, ______, ______ (动词ing)
______, ______, ______, _______ (单词)
_________ (单词)
8. 趣味阅读(结课)
在结课环节,笔者提供如下材料让学生阅读:
(1)Stick to it and stay with what is true in your heart. Music is fun, and is for your spirit! Try many different styles of music, and always remember that music will never be a waste of your time.
(Robin Spielberg)
(2)I have never thought of writing for reputation and honour. What I have in my heart must come out; that is the reason why I compose.
(Ludwig Van Beethoven)
(3)Without music, life is a journey through a desert.
(Pat Conroy)
三、教学反思
对教材进行了充分解读后,笔者把音乐学科的知识与语言学习结合起来,使学生在探讨音乐中使用英语语言,在语言学习中了解音乐知识。这是一种基于生活体验的学习。学生在课堂上表现出了强烈的参与意识。就这一点而言,本节课的效果要远远好于之前笔者尝试的只关注语言的学习。
在话题导入中,笔者通过猜谜游戏降低难度,引导学生区分音乐类型,并呈现本节课要学习的七种目标音乐。然后通过听音乐辨类型,让学生能够在真实的乐曲欣赏中讨论各种音乐类型的特点。该活动既让学生清楚了七种音乐类型的概念,又让学生学习了许多乐器名词和与音乐相关的英语词汇。学生在音乐欣赏中也激发了内心的学习热情。在小组交流和讨论中,笔者逐步把话语权交给学生,让学生成为课堂的主人。通过讨论各自喜欢的音乐类型并陈述理由,学生进一步参与到课堂中来,并学习运用目标句式。这一课堂任务既让学生对教师语言和知识输入进行了一次巩固和产出,也让他们通过思考各种不同的音乐给他们的生活带来的乐趣,为后面的讨论奠定了基础。